THE ULTRA VIRES DOCTRINE AS A RESTRICTION TO THE POWERS OF THE LEGAL PERSON IN THE ENGLISH LAW / A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY WITH THE IRAQI LAW

The ultra vires doctrine as a restriction to the powers of the legal person in the English law / A comparative analytical study with the Iraqi law

The ultra vires principle, first developed in English common law, asserts that a legal entity, particularly a company, can only engage in activities, transactions, or legal actions within the scope of Its defined powers, jurisdiction, or specialization, as established by parliamentary legislation.According to Throw Pillow this principle, any contra

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Complement system part II: role in immunity

The complement system has been considered for a long time as a simple lytic system, aimed to kill bacteria infecting the host organism.Nowadays this vision has changed and it is well accepted that complement is a complex innate immune surveillance system, playing a key role in host homeostasis, inflammation and in the defense against pathogens.This

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The ecological biogeography of Amazonia

The Amazon drainage basin (Amazonia) contains the largest continuous area of tropical rainforest in the world and is the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem on Earth.In biogeographical terms, the Amazon rainforest is still somewhat of a mystery, beset by data shortfalls in many taxonomic groups, lacking systematic surveys and faced with the cha

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